Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. During ERCP, a flexible endoscope is inserted through the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the duodenum, where it allows the physician to access the bile and pancreatic ducts. A contrast dye is then injected into the ducts, and X-ray imaging is used to identify blockages, strictures, stones, or tumors. ERCP is not only diagnostic but also therapeutic, enabling interventions such as stone removal, bile duct stenting, and tissue biopsy. It plays a critical role in managing conditions like cholangitis, pancreatitis, and bile duct obstructions.